Symptoms of Leukemia in Children

Symptoms of Leukemia in Children

Blood cancer or leukemia can affect anyone, irrespective of age. Leukemia is a type of cancer most often found in children.
'Scene' of the leukemia was in the bone marrow. Ago, and a naturally ask anyway, in which the bone marrow?
Just imagine when eating a chicken leg. Once the meat is gone, his bones were broken, and the center of our bones suction.
The part that sucked it was called the bone marrow.
Bone marrow is the factory of red blood cells (erythrocytes), white blood cells (Ieukosit), and platelets (thrombocytes). As a simple illustration, the bone marrow can be identified with an area of ​​such plant
Problems begin to arise when the "employee" in the factory leukocytes demonstrated by anarchists. They prohibit the factory production. As a result, levels of leukocytes in the blood becomes low. Not content to demonstrate in its own plants, plant them into erythrocytes and platelets. Similarly, it prohibits that both plants do not produce. As a result, levels of erythrocytes and platelets in the blood become too low.
Still not satisfied demonstrated in the factory, the "employee" is out and explore other areas to spread everywhere, including to the brain, gums, skin, bone, liver, spleen, and testis.
If levels of erythrocytes in the blood is low, then the child will look pale. In addition, children often experience fever without a known cause is due to levels of leukocytes in the blood are too low and bleeding, like bleeding skin, gums, or nosebleeds due to levels of platelets in the blood are low.
When children have all three of these symptoms or at least two of them, a child could suspected leukemia. In addition to the above symptoms, other symptoms can also be found as a result of the spread of cancer cells to other organs in the body.
Other symptoms include seizures, swelling of the gums, bone pain, stomach look bigger, and testis appears enlarged and hard.
When parents see the hat of the above, immediately take the child to the doctor to confirm whether the symptoms experienced can be categorized as a sign of developing leukemia. If not, of course we are grateful. However, if it is true that the symptoms are found to lead to leukemia, it still should be grateful. Because it means the leukemia in children was found in an early state.
The earlier and the sooner a child with cancer treated, the greater the possibility of recovering the child. Thus, it is important for parents to be aware of symptoms of cancer in children from an early age, especially leukemia.

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Early Detection of Cancer in Children

Kids with Cancer

Early Detection of Cancer in Children? Up to now, of the many cancers that can be encountered in children, only one type that can be detected early early, the cancer or the eyeball is known as retinoblastoma. Therefore, in relation to childhood cancer, it is important for parents to know and be aware of the symptoms of cancer in children given that there are only one type of childhood cancer can be detected early.

For early detection of retinoblastoma is called: "See Red". Examination can be done a number of health personnel have been trained before. Not necessarily by the doctor on duty at a large hospital. In Public Health examination can also be done using a tool called ophtalmoscope. A tool to view the inside of the child's eyes examined.

Retinoblastoma occurs in children aged under five. In the process of examination, the child is usually asked to sit on the lap of his mother. Meanwhile, the examiner was not far from the front merja.

When the eyes of a child in a normal condition, the examiner, via ophthalmoscope tools, will see the red reflection of the child's eyes.

Instead, the examiner will encourage parents to bring their children to health facilities is more complete when through the tool, the examiner did not see the red reflection from the eyes of the child. Or there is the reflection of a red color, but the child's eyes examined cross-eyed. Therefore, it is important for the examiner to determine whether previous cross-eyed child in question or not.

Now, after discovery of the examination "See Red", is expected to check parents want their children once a year as long as young as toddlers. No one ever expect children affected by retinoblastoma. However, when God commands others, at least we can find it at an early stage.

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How to Prevent Cancer in Children

Childhood Cancer

How to Prevent Cancer in Children? Cancer in children is different from cancer that is found in adults. Cancer in adults can be prevented, while the child is not.

Please note that the pattern of living and healthy eating should still be taught to children early on. Not merely aimed at preventing cancer that can occur in childhood, but to prevent that by the time they mature, can be protected from various types of cancer that usually affects adults.

The International Union Against Cancer, or better known by the UICC, advised parents to teach children, among others, for not smoking, eating a balanced diet pattern, and follow the immunization program in force in their respective countries.

Appeals are aimed at making the children when the age of adulthood can be protected from lung cancer, colon cancer, liver cancer, cervical cancer, and other types of cancer that can only occur in adulthood.

Many parents blame themselves for their children with cancer. Assume that they are the cause of all problems that occur in children,

Expected after reading the information above, parents may increasingly realize that such an assumption is not correct. Presumably this explanation will clarify the parents' knowledge about cancer in children.

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Heart Cancer - Signs and symptoms of liver cancer - Liver Cancer Treatment

Liver Cancer

Hepatitis B is the biggest factor of liver cancer. Rates of Hepatitis B in the high world quite . A total of 632 000 new cases are found globally to reach the 396 000 deaths each year (data 2008). Dharmais Cancer Hospital, liver cancer ranked the third most common cancer in men who suffered and was ranked the 10th most common cancer suffered by women.Primary liver cancer is usually known as Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC) is a common form of cancer that is found throughout the world. This type of cancer usually affects people who have a liver disorder or liver cirrhosis.
Anatomy
The liver is the largest digestive organ in the human body. Liver weight in adult humans around 1400-1600 grams, which is about 2.5% of body weight. The liver is located under the right lung and protected by the rib cage.
 Liver function
• Participate in the process of making proteins. Protein required for cell growth. The liver is responsible for the production of 90% plasma protein.
• As a place of storage.Liver stores carbohydrates, iron, and vitamins that are useful when the body requires. The liver also stores and release glucose into the blood from and to emnyediakan energy for the body.
• Producing bile.Bile is a substance that aids digestion and absorption of food. 
• The place of detoxification and decomposition of substancesLiver break down chemicals into the body like alcohol, drugs, and waste products from the body. Hearts also break down red blood cells that die into a coloring substance urine and feces.
Causes of Liver Cancer Risk Factors
• Hepatitis B virus infection and C
      70% of liver cancer caused by hepatitis B virus infection 
• Excessive alcohol consumption
• The use of needles to drug users may increase the risk of exposure to Hepatitis B virus infection and C 
• Exposure to toxic molds (aflatoxin) is a fungus that is found in peanuts
 • non-alcoholic fatty liver disease
• Obesity 
• The use of anabolic steroids in the long term• or hereditary haemochromatosis by iron accumulation in organs• Men have a higher risk for liver cancer. Comparison of male: female = 3: 1

Signs and symptoms of liver cancer
• Pain and discomfort in the upper right abdomen. The pain may spread to the back and shoulders 
• The yellow color of the skin, eyes and mucus membranes in the mouth. 
• Dizziness, nausea and vomiting 
• palpable lump in the right upper abdomen.
 • The stomach was enlarged and fullness
 • Itching of the skin 
• Loss of appetite and weight loss drastically
 • Fatigue and lack of energy
 • Stool pale white as clay
 • Urine is cloudy and dark like tea

Liver Cancer Treatment
Treatment options for liver cancer depends on several things, depending on the tumor, stage, liver function, patient age and general health condition.  
Handling is done usually in the form: 
• Surgery 
• Liver transplantation
• Percutaneous ablation
• Kemoembolisasi
• Treatment with sitostatika sisitemik
Not all cancers can be prevented. But if we know the risk factors, we can do to find cancer early detection as early as possible so it can cope with the best possible medical with a good prognosis. Like wise in liver cancer, we can do early detection.

Prevention and Early Detection of Liver Cancer
• Perform HBsAg and anti HCV to determine if we are infected with Hepatitis B virus atu C, which is one factor in liver cancer 
• Perform an abdominal ultrasound examination

• Conduct pemeriksann tumor marker 
• Do not consume alcohol 
• Maintain a healthy weight by exercise
• Maintain a balanced diet and living
• For those who had suffered from hepatitis, perform regular inspections

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What is cancer of the cervix - Causes of Cervical Cancer - Cervical Cancer Risk Factors - Signs and Symptoms of Cervical Cancer - Cervical Cancer Prevention

     Cervical cancer is cancer that occurs in the cervix. Cells in the cervix change into a malignant nature. Cervical Cancer Cases490 000 women in the world are diagnosed with cervical cancer, 240 000 of them dying. 80% of patients in developing countries. (WHO, 2002) 

      Currently in Dharmais Cancer Hospital, cervical cancer ranked the second most common of all cancers suffered by women.

      AnatomyThe cervix is ​​the bottom of the uterus. The cervix is ​​the end or mouth of the burrow or vaginal intercourse. Can be explained also that the cervix connects the uterus and vagina.
Causes of Cervical Cancer 
      Until now indicated the cause of cervical cancer because HPV (Human Papilloma Virus) types 16 and 18. This is because as in patients with cervical cancer, 99% were found HPV.
Mode of transmission of HPV:
• Sexual contact -> the majority 
• non-sexual contact (from mother to baby during birth, medical devices that are not sterile, public toilets)

Cervical Cancer Risk Factors :
• Married or sexual contact at a very young age (age <18 years)
• Childbirth many children
• Multiple sexual partners 
• Smoking (active or passive) 
• History suffer from PMS (Sexually Transmitted Disease) 
• HPV infection
• Having a partner who suffers: cervical cancer, genital warts 
• The couple has a previous sex partners who suffer from cervical cancer
• Suffering from an old infection in the reproductive organs 
• Having low immunity (due to drugs, diseases ex. AIDS)

Signs and Symptoms of Cervical Cancer: 
• In the early stages often do not have any symptoms 
• abnormal vaginal bleeding (bleeding after intercourse, bleeding between menstrual periods, menstrual blood counts a lot).
• abnormal vaginal discharge (yellow-white, odorless) 
• Low back pain (pain in the spine) 
• Cervical pain (when a finger or penis is inserted into the vagina) 
• Pain during intercourse. 
• Pain when urinating on the circumstances that further


Signs and symptoms if the cancer is in a state of information: 
• Difficult BAK (urinating) and possibly kidney failure.
• Pain kadang2 urinary bladder and blood. 
• Swelling in the legs.
• Diarrhea, or pain in the anus or bloody CHAPTER 
• Nausea, fatigue, decreased weight, decreased appetite, and painful. 
• Constipation (hard bowel movements)
• Abnormal hole in the cervix (fistula)
• Enlarged lymph limphe (lymph nodes) in the neck or armpit. 
• The spread further into the bone, lung, intestine or brain m giving a sign - a sign of abnormal.

Cervical Cancer Prevention: 
• Conduct a healthy sexual behavior (personal hygiene, not multiple partners) 
• Conduct early detection by Pap smear and the IVA once a year for those who have married or had sexual contact.
• Implement HPV vaccination (may be given from the age of 9 years)

Early Detection: 
Cervical cancer is treatable if found in early stages. Early stages can be found by doing a Pap smear once every 1 year.

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Breast cancer information - Signs of breast cancer - Factors of breast cancer

     Based on data from medical records Dharmais Cancer Hospital, 2010, breast cancer is currently the most common cancer for women. Dharmais own hospital, breast cancer ranked first of the 10 largest cancer. Nearly 85% of breast cancer patients come to the hospital in an advanced stage. This will affect the patient's prognosis and cure rates. In fact, if breast cancer is found in the early stages, the cure rate of patients will be very good.

     To find breast cancer in its early stages, that is needed is early detection. It is recommended to women under the age of 35 years to perform breast ultrasound and women over the age of 35 years are encouraged to perform a mammogram once a year. With early detection it if it will be easy to find if there are tumors that are small in size though and action will be expedited treatment or surgery.

      Prevention is the most important thing rather than treatment. Prevention is also much cheaper than treatment. For prevent breast cancer, there is a very easy and without the cost. Prevention is by doing BSE (Breast Self-Check) on a regular basis every month. Of BSE have been described in the article about BSE.

     At the time of BSE, if it found signs of breast cancer, it should immediately went to the hospital for further diagnostic examination.

Signs of breast cancer are:

• palpable lump in the breast. Lumps often feel pain

• There are changes in the breast skin texture. Harden the surface of the breast skin like orange peel

• There are wounds that do not heal

• Discharge from the nipple

• There is a basin or pull on the skin of the breast

     Every woman has a risk for developing breast cancer. But there are some women who have a higher risk factor for developing breast cancer than other women. Risk factors mean factors that can trigger breast cancer in women. If a woman has a risk factor, not necessarily he will develop breast cancer. But a woman is having a greater chance for developing breast cancer compared with women who have low risk factor in itself.

Factors of breast cancer are:

• Women who are unmarried, not pregnant, and not breastfeeding

• Women with a history of benign breast tumor

• Women who have a maternal lineage family (mother, aunt, sister) with breast cancer

• Women who use hormonal KB (pills, injections)

• Frequent consumption of fatty foods

• Women who menstruate the first time under the age of 12 years

• Women who are menopausal at the age of 50 years

Breast Self-Examination (BSE)

These Five Simple Steps Breast Self-Examination (BSE)

     Prevention of breast cancer is the most inexpensive and convenient way is to perform BSE (Breast Self-Examination) every month with the routine. With BSE, a woman can understand the changes in their breasts as small as possible. If there are signs of breast cancer, can be directly found in the early stages so that the cure rate will be high.

Step 1: Begin by looking at your breasts in the mirror with your shoulders straight and arms at the waist.

This is to be sought:

* Does your breast size, shape, and color as usual, we should be suspicious if the breast has a large unequal or asymmetric

* The appearance of breasts flat with no visible distortion or swelling.

If you see the following changes, bring to a doctor to be examined:

* Dimpling (surface interest / concave), puckering (wrinkle), or swelling of the skin

* The nipple changes position or interested (motivated and interested in)

* Redness, pain, rash, or swelling.

Step 2: Raise your arms and look for the same change.

Step 3: When in front of the mirror looking for any signs of fluid coming out / coming from one or both nipples (this could be a liquid such as milk, yellow or blood).

Step 4: Next, check your breasts while lying down, use your right hand to examine left breast and left hand use to check the right breast. Palpation (feeling) is done with slow, gentle touch with 3 fingers simultaneously. Perform circular every part of the breast.

Press the entire breast from top to bottom, from one side to another - from the top to the stomach, and from the armpit to the middle.

Follow the pattern. You can begin to examine the nipple, moving to a larger and larger until it reaches the outer edge of the breast. You can also move your fingers vertically up and down. Be sure to feel all the tissue from the front to the back of the breast: for the skin and underlying tissues, use light pressure. As for the deeper tissues using strong pressure.

Step 5: Feel your breasts while standing or sitting. Many women who find an easy way to check their breasts is when their skin is wet and slippery to perform this step in the shower (while bathing). Pressing the breast to the same hand movements described in Step 4.

The time is right for BSE: 10 days after the period is calculated from the first day of menstruation.

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Cancer Prevention by Way of Healthy Living

     How to prevent cancer? Cancer can be prevented by avoiding the causes and risk factors and behavior of healthy living. Healthy lifestyles that can reduce cancer risk are:

• Eat less fatty foods
• balanced diet and regular exercise
• Reduce eating preserved foods
• Limit drinking beverages containing alcohol
• More eating fibrous foods
• More eating foods containing vitamin A and C
• More eating fresh foods

 
• Avoid smoking
• Exercise regularly (4x/week, 30-60 minutes)
• Balance in life
      - Strive to avoid stress
      - Take time to relax with family and hobby
      - Obedient to worship

• Check with regular health
      - Vaccine (Vaccination for Hepatitis and HPV)
      - Test the general health
      - Early detection of cancer
      - Note any change in
      - Skills for self-examination such as BSE (Breast Self-Check)

       Cancer is also easily treated if found in early stages. Usually if the symptoms have been widely felt, was in a state of advanced cancer. Cancers that can be examined early detection are:

• Cervical Cancer
• Breast Cancer
• Liver Cancer
• Colorectal Cancer
- Prostate cancer

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The Signs and Symptoms of Cancer, You should know this

      After discussing the definition of cancer and its causes, this time we will discuss about the signs and symptoms of cancer. What are the signs and symptoms of cancer?

     A symptom is a signal of disease, illness, injury, or that there is something wrong in the body. Symptoms are felt or seen by anyone who has them, but may not be easily viewed by others. For example, chills, weakness, pain, and feel short of breath may be symptoms of pneumonia.

      A sign is also a signal that something is not right in the body. But signs that signal can be seen by a doctor, nurse, or other health professional. Fever, rapid breathing, and abnormal breathing sounds heard through a stethoscope may be signs of pneumonia.

     Having one symptom or sign may not be enough to figure out what causes it. For example, a rash in children can be a sign of a number of things, such as poison ivy, an infectious disease like measles, skin infections, or food allergies. But if the child has a rash along with the signs and symptoms such as high fever, chills, achiness, and sore throat, then a doctor can get a better picture of the disease. In many cases, the patient's signs and symptoms alone do not give doctors enough clues to find the cause of a disease. Then medical tests, such as x-rays, blood tests or biopsy may be needed.
How causes of cancer signs and symptoms?

      Cancer is a group of diseases that can cause almost any sign or symptoms. The signs and symptoms will depend on where the cancer is, how big it is, and how much it affects the nearby organs or tissues. If the cancer has spread (metastasized), symptoms can appear in different parts of the body.      

      As the cancer grows, it can start to push on nearby organs, blood vessels, and nerves. These pressures make the most of the signs and symptoms of cancer. If the cancer is in a critical area, such as certain parts of the brain, even the smallest tumor can cause early symptoms.

      But sometimes cancers start in places where it does not cause symptoms until it grows large enough. Pancreatic cancer, for example, usually do not grow large enough to be felt from outside the body. Some pancreatic cancers do not cause symptoms until they begin to grow around nearby nerves (this causes back pain). Others grow around the bile ducts and obstruct the flow of bile. This causes yellowing eyes and skin called jaundice. By the time a pancreatic cancer causes these signs or symptoms, usually in an advanced stage. This means has grown and spread beyond where it began - the pancreas.

 
       A cancer may also cause symptoms such as fever, extreme tiredness (fatigue), or weight loss. This may be because cancer cells spend a lot of energy supply of the body, or they can release substances that change the way the body makes energy from food. Or cancer can cause the immune system to react in ways that produce these symptoms.

      Sometimes, cancer cells release substances into the bloodstream that cause symptoms not usually associated with cancer. For example, a cancer of the pancreas can release substances that cause blood clots in leg veins. Some lung cancers make hormone-like substances that increase blood calcium levels. It affects the nerves and muscles, making the person feel weak and dizzy.

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What causes cancer ? This is the Causes of Cancer which must We know.

     What causes cancer? In previous posts we have discussed about what is cancer? Cancer is cells that have lost normal control mechanisms, so the growth is irregular. Cancer can occur from a variety of tissues in various organs. In line with the growth and breeding, cancer cells form a mass of malignant tissue to infiltrate nearby tissues and can spread (metastasize) throughout the body. Established cancer cells from normal cells in a complicated process called transformation, which consists of initiation and promotion stages.

      At the initiation stage occurs a change in the genetic material of cells into malignant cells fishing. Changes in the genetic material of cells is caused by an agency called carcinogens, which could be chemicals, viruses, radiation (irradiation) or the sun. But not all cells have the same sensitivity to a carcinogen. Genetic abnormalities in cells or other substances, called promoters, causing the cells more susceptible to a carcinogen. Even physical impairments can make cells more sensitive menahunpun to have malignancy.

      At the stage of promotion, a cell that has undergone initiation will become malignant. Cells that have not passed the stage of initiation is not affected by the campaign. Because it takes several factors to the occurrence of malignancies (combination of a sensitive cell and a carcinogen).

      In a process in which normal cells into malignant cells, eventually DNA from these cells will change. Changes in the cell's genetic material is often difficult to find, but sometimes the cancer can be detected by the presence of a change in size or shape of a particular chromosome. For example, an abnormal chromosome called the Philadelphia chromosome is found in approximately 80% of patients with chronic leukemia mielositik. Genetic changes have also been found in brain tumors and colon cancer, breast, lung and bone.

      It may take a series of chromosomal changes in cancer occurrence. Research on family polyposis colon (bowel disorder hereditary form of the growth of polyps that turn into malignant), has brought us to a suspicion of how this occurs in colon cancer. The normal lining of the colon begin to grow actively (hyperproliferation), because their cells no longer have a suppressor gene on chromosome 5, which normally control the growth of the layer. Further changes in the small DNA facilitates the formation of adenoma (benign tumor). Other genes (oncogenes RAS) causes adenomas to grow more active. The loss of suppressor genes on chromosome 18 will further stimulate adenoma and ultimately the loss of genes on chromosome 17 would change the benign adenoma to cancer. Additional changes can cause cancer to spread throughout the body (metastases).

      When a cell becomes malignant, the immune system often can destroy malignant cells before multiply and become cancerous. Cancer tends to occur when the immune system does not function normally, as was the case in humans. AIDS, people who are using immunosuppressant drugs and in certain autoimmune diseases. 

      But not always effective immune system, cancer can penetrate this protection even if the immune system to function normally.

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Definition of Cancer and Other Types of Cancer

         What is cancer? What is the definition of Cancer? and What are the types of cancer? What causes cancer? This time we will discuss these things. Cancer is a term used for diseases in which abnormal cells divide without control and can invade other tissues. Cancer cells can spread to other parts of the body through the blood and lymph systems.

        Cancer is not just one disease but many diseases. There are over 100 different types of cancer. Most cancers are named for the organ or cell type in which they start - for example, cancer that begins in the colon is called colon cancer: Cancer that begins in basal cells of the skin is called basal cell carcinoma.

Types of cancer can be grouped into broader categories. The main categories of cancer include:

• Carcinoma - cancer that begins in the skin or in tissues that line or cover internal organs.
• Leukemia - cancer that starts in blood-forming tissue such as bone marrow and causes large numbers of abnormal blood cells are produced and enter the blood.
• Sarcoma - cancer that begins in bone, cartilage, fat, muscle, blood vessels, or other connective or supporting tissue.
• Central nervous system cancers - cancers that begin in brain tissue and spinal cord.

• Lymphoma and myeloma - cancers that begin in cells of the immune system.

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