Cervical cancer is cancer that occurs in the cervix. Cells in the cervix change into a malignant nature. Cervical Cancer Cases490 000 women in the world are diagnosed with cervical cancer, 240 000 of them dying. 80% of patients in developing countries. (WHO, 2002)
Currently in Dharmais Cancer Hospital, cervical cancer ranked the second most common of all cancers suffered by women.
AnatomyThe cervix is the bottom of the uterus. The cervix is the end or mouth of the burrow or vaginal intercourse. Can be explained also that the cervix connects the uterus and vagina.
Causes of Cervical Cancer
Until now indicated the cause of cervical cancer because HPV (Human Papilloma Virus) types 16 and 18. This is because as in patients with cervical cancer, 99% were found HPV.
Mode of transmission of HPV:
• Sexual contact -> the majority
• non-sexual contact (from mother to baby during birth, medical devices that are not sterile, public toilets)
Cervical Cancer Risk Factors :
• Married or sexual contact at a very young age (age <18 years)
• Childbirth many children
• Multiple sexual partners
• Smoking (active or passive)
• History suffer from PMS (Sexually Transmitted Disease)
• HPV infection
• Having a partner who suffers: cervical cancer, genital warts
• The couple has a previous sex partners who suffer from cervical cancer
• Suffering from an old infection in the reproductive organs
• Having low immunity (due to drugs, diseases ex. AIDS)
Signs and Symptoms of Cervical Cancer:
• In the early stages often do not have any symptoms
• abnormal vaginal bleeding (bleeding after intercourse, bleeding between menstrual periods, menstrual blood counts a lot).
• abnormal vaginal discharge (yellow-white, odorless)
• Low back pain (pain in the spine)
• Cervical pain (when a finger or penis is inserted into the vagina)
• Pain during intercourse.
• Pain when urinating on the circumstances that further
Signs and symptoms if the cancer is in a state of information:
• Difficult BAK (urinating) and possibly kidney failure.
• Pain kadang2 urinary bladder and blood.
• Swelling in the legs.
• Diarrhea, or pain in the anus or bloody CHAPTER
• Nausea, fatigue, decreased weight, decreased appetite, and painful.
• Constipation (hard bowel movements)
• Abnormal hole in the cervix (fistula)
• Enlarged lymph limphe (lymph nodes) in the neck or armpit.
• The spread further into the bone, lung, intestine or brain m giving a sign - a sign of abnormal.
Cervical Cancer Prevention:
• Conduct a healthy sexual behavior (personal hygiene, not multiple partners)
• Conduct early detection by Pap smear and the IVA once a year for those who have married or had sexual contact.
• Implement HPV vaccination (may be given from the age of 9 years)
Early Detection:
Cervical cancer is treatable if found in early stages. Early stages can be found by doing a Pap smear once every 1 year.
Currently in Dharmais Cancer Hospital, cervical cancer ranked the second most common of all cancers suffered by women.
AnatomyThe cervix is the bottom of the uterus. The cervix is the end or mouth of the burrow or vaginal intercourse. Can be explained also that the cervix connects the uterus and vagina.
Causes of Cervical Cancer
Until now indicated the cause of cervical cancer because HPV (Human Papilloma Virus) types 16 and 18. This is because as in patients with cervical cancer, 99% were found HPV.
Mode of transmission of HPV:
• Sexual contact -> the majority
• non-sexual contact (from mother to baby during birth, medical devices that are not sterile, public toilets)
Cervical Cancer Risk Factors :
• Married or sexual contact at a very young age (age <18 years)
• Childbirth many children
• Multiple sexual partners
• Smoking (active or passive)
• History suffer from PMS (Sexually Transmitted Disease)
• HPV infection
• Having a partner who suffers: cervical cancer, genital warts
• The couple has a previous sex partners who suffer from cervical cancer
• Suffering from an old infection in the reproductive organs
• Having low immunity (due to drugs, diseases ex. AIDS)
Signs and Symptoms of Cervical Cancer:
• In the early stages often do not have any symptoms
• abnormal vaginal bleeding (bleeding after intercourse, bleeding between menstrual periods, menstrual blood counts a lot).
• abnormal vaginal discharge (yellow-white, odorless)
• Low back pain (pain in the spine)
• Cervical pain (when a finger or penis is inserted into the vagina)
• Pain during intercourse.
• Pain when urinating on the circumstances that further
Signs and symptoms if the cancer is in a state of information:
• Difficult BAK (urinating) and possibly kidney failure.
• Pain kadang2 urinary bladder and blood.
• Swelling in the legs.
• Diarrhea, or pain in the anus or bloody CHAPTER
• Nausea, fatigue, decreased weight, decreased appetite, and painful.
• Constipation (hard bowel movements)
• Abnormal hole in the cervix (fistula)
• Enlarged lymph limphe (lymph nodes) in the neck or armpit.
• The spread further into the bone, lung, intestine or brain m giving a sign - a sign of abnormal.
Cervical Cancer Prevention:
• Conduct a healthy sexual behavior (personal hygiene, not multiple partners)
• Conduct early detection by Pap smear and the IVA once a year for those who have married or had sexual contact.
• Implement HPV vaccination (may be given from the age of 9 years)
Early Detection:
Cervical cancer is treatable if found in early stages. Early stages can be found by doing a Pap smear once every 1 year.
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